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Goodbye

Mamma
You gave life to me
Turned a baby into a lady

Mamma
All you had to offer
Was the promise of a lifetime of love

Now I know
There is no other
Love like a mother's love for her child

And I know
A love so complete
Someday must leave
Must say goodbye

Goodbye's the saddest word I'll ever hear
Goodbye's the last time I will hold you near
Someday you'll say that word and I will cry
It'll break my heart to hear you say goodbye

Mamma
You gave love to me
Turned a young one into a woman

Mamma
All I ever needed
Was a guarantee of you loving me

'Cause I know
There is no other
Love like a mother's love for her child

And it hurts so
That something so strong
Someday will be gone, must say goodbye

Goodbye's the saddest word I'll ever hear
Goodbye's the last time I will hold you near
Someday you'll say that word and I will cry
It'll break my heart to hear you say goodbye

But the love you gave me will always live
You'll always be there every time I fall
You are to me the greatest love of all
You take my weakness and you make me strong
And I will always love you 'til forever comes

And when you need me
I'll be there for you always
I'll be there your whole life through
I'll be there this I promise you, Mamma

Mamma, I'll be
I'll be your beacon through the darkest nights
I'll be the wings that guide your broken flight
I'll be your shelter through the raging storm
And I will love you 'till forever comes

Goodbye's the saddest word I'll ever hear
Goodbye's the last time I will hold you near
Someday you'll say that word and I will cry
It'll break my heart to hear you say goodbye

'Till we meet again...
Until then...
Goodbye 


it's a very touching song...
this song reminds me to love my mom much more in every day...
i love u mom,
and thanks for everything, everything that you do...

Renewable Energy Scenario in Malaysia

Malaysia, with population of about 28 million, is one of the fastest-growing economies in Asia. Although blessed with petroleum resources, this strategically-important Southeast Asian nation is relatively a small producer with reserves of 5.5 billion barrels of oil and 88 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Malaysia has significant natural gas exploration and development in the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area, located in the lower part of the Gulf of Thailand, which is highlighted by almost three-fourth share of natural gas in the energy mix in 2009.

During the last decade, Malaysia has seen almost 20 percent increase in energy generating capacity from 13,000MW in the year 2000 to 15,500MW in 2009.  The maximum demand for electricity last year was 14,000MW in Peninsular Malaysia, 700MW in Sabah and 900MW in Sarawak. Electricity generation in Malaysia is projected to grow further at an average annual rate of 4.7 percent. Most of power stations in Malaysia are based on fossil fuels as the energy mix is heavily dominated by natural gas and coal. Thermal power plants contribute 86 percent while hydropower plants account for 13 percent to the electricity generation capacity. Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is the largest electricity utility company in the country with generation capacity of 10,481MW. Other major utility companies are Sarawak Electricity Supply Company (SESCO) and Sabah Electricity Limited (SESB).

Under the 8th Malaysia Plan (2001–2005), the government of Malaysia changed the Four-Fuel Policy (based on oil, gas, coal and hydropower) to the Five-Fuel Policy with the addition of renewable energy as the fifth source of fuel.

 The Ninth Malaysian Plan (2006-2010) targets 350 MW of grid-connected renewable electricity by with fuel mix of 40 percent gas, 40 percent coal, 10 percent hydropower and 10 percent renewable energy. Another major development in the offing is the proposed introduction of feed-in-tariff for renewable energy in 2011.

Renewable Energy Resource Potential in Malaysia (in MW) Biomass                                   2,400 Biogas                                     410 Solar                                       6,500 Municipal Waste                        400 Mini-hydro                                500 Total                                      10,210

Among the various sources of renewable energy, biomass seems to be the most promising option for Malaysia. In line with the promotion of using biomass energy, a Biomass Power Generation & Cogeneration Project (BioGen) was commissioned in October 2002. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are also another attractive renewable energy source for Malaysia as climatic conditions are favorable for the development of solar energy. However there is not much development in the domestic PV market despite the fact that Malaysia is currently the world’s fifth largest producer of PV modules. To encourage the development of grid-connected PV systems, the Government is providing financial incentives through the Malaysia Building Integrated Photovoltaic (MBIPV) Project.

Malaysia's 2011 Proposed Solar, Biomass, Biogas, & Hydro Tariffs

In a presentation on July 29th, 2010, Ahmad Hadri Haris, the chief technical advisor to Malaysia's Minister of Energy, announced proposed feed-in tariffs for solar photovoltaics (PV), biomass, biogas, and minihydro.

Haris' Industry Briefing on Feed-in Tariff Procedures revealed as sophisticated a program as found anywhere in the world.

Progress on implementing feed-in tariffs in Malaysia has continued at a steady pace. In April, Malaysia's cabinet approved the introduction of the Renewable Energy Act and the Act for a Feed-in Tariff Implementing Agency which will then be passed to parliament.

On June 10, 2010, the government announced the National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan with a goal of increasing renewable energy from 1% to 5.5% of electricity supply by 2015.

Parliament will begin debate on the Renewable Energy Act and the Act for a Feed-in Tariff Implementing Agency in October of this year with the expectation that the program passed into law and launched by the second quarter of 2011.

The legislation will establish the Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) which will manage the feed-in tariff program.

The new detailed tariffs announced by Haris did not include tariffs for wind or geothermal, two technologies previously included in the proposed program. No explanation was given why they were not included.

The Malaysian program includes some aspects unique to the country. Majority of equity in the project must not be owned by an electric utility or a foreign entity.

Malaysia's proposal also seems designed to avoid several of the problems encountered with solar PV in Spain, including annual technology caps, and project registration.

The current proposal limits the program to 219 MW in 2011, increasing to nearly 1,000 MW in 2015. The bulk of the new generating capacity to be installed under the program is set aside for biomass and minihydro. 

Renewable Energy Programmes

As Malaysia’s fifth fuel, renewable energy is expected to be a major energy source. The Government’s long-term commitment and strategy targets key sectors and initiatives to stimulate RE activities. The establishment of the Energy Commission ensures all energy forms and options are viable for the market. The Malaysian Energy Centre (PTM) plays a lead role to assist industry and government to develop RE. And the Centre for Education and Training in Renewable Energy Efficiency (CETREE) disseminates information and reinforces awareness on all aspects of EE and RE.

Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications (MEWC) - Established in 2004 to replace the former Ministry of Energy, Communications and Multimedia, its new role is to administer and manage the nation's energy, communications, postal services and water functions. MEWC has shifted from being a service provider to a policy formulator and service regulator for the Energy, Water and Communications sectors and facilitates the growth of these industries to ensure the availability of high quality, efficient and safe services at a reasonable price to consumers throughout the country. 

Energy Commission – The EC is responsible for creating and enforcing a regulatory framework for the achievement of a reliable, efficient and safe energy supply industry to enhance economic growth and sustainable development. It protects consumers’ interests, ensures a competitive and efficient marketplace. Besides advising on energy matters, the EC also promotes the use of renewable energy and the conservation of fossil fuels.

Malaysian Energy Centre (PTM) – The rationale behind PTM's establishment is to fulfill the need for a national energy research centre to co-ordinate activities related to energy planning and research, energy efficiency, technological research and development within the energy sector. It has three divisions to assist in energy projects, research and policies: Corporate Affairs and Business Development; Energy Industry and Sustainable Development; and Policy Analysis and Research Management.


Centre for Education and Training in Renewable Energy Efficiency (CETREE) – CETREE’s main objective is to enhance awareness on RE and EE in Malaysia by improving and increasing energy curriculum in primary and secondary schools, universities and among energy professionals as well as information for the general public. Activities are designed and structured in such a way to address each target group since there is an obvious need to increase awareness amongst the public, private sector and government officials on the applications and benefits of RE and EE. 

The launch of the Small Renewable Energy Power Programme (SREP) in 2001 kicked-off the Government’s policy implementation and intensified research into RE utilisation in power generation. With a primary objective to get small power plants connected to the power grid, SREP supports biomass and biogas power production. Small energy producers can sell electricity to the distribution grid using purchase agreements to negotiate directly with utilities. 

Private companies can choose several options when considering investing in RE projects. First, companies will receive tax and duty exemptions to start and expand their businesses. And power generation through co-generation technology is given special preference. Based on a government study, viable tariffs for RE grid connection are in the range of 14 to 17 sen per kWh, more so for existing than new plants.

The Special Committee on Renewable Energy advises that companies need to fulfil some requirements for grid connection:

• Plant Location – All plants should be within 10 kilometres from the nearest medium voltage interconnection point to the grid.

• Price – Purchase agreements with relevant utilities are on a “willing buyer, willing seller” basis.

• Licence Period - RE electricity producers receive 21-year licences with a stipulation to limit sales to a maximum of 10 MW to the grid.

Incentives and Measures

In line with Malaysia’s objective to diversify energy resources and develop alternatives, the Government continues to assess and revise incentives for renewable energy projects. To encourage energy generation using biomass, hydropower and solar power, the Government offers several incentives to those that qualify:

• Pioneer status with tax exemption of 70% will be increased to 100% of statutory income and the incentive period is extended from 5 years to 10 years.

• Investment tax allowance of 60% is to be increased to 100% on qualifying capital expenditures incurred within a 5-year period, with the allowance to be set off against 100% of statutory income for each year of assessment

• The incentive package of pioneer status, investment tax allowance, and import duty and sales tax exemptions will be extended until 31 December 2010.

Companies would be wise to understand the impact of these incentives on their internal rate of return (IRR) and payback periods for implementing RE projects. Studies show that IRR can be increased up to 2% and payback periods reduced as much as three years for tax exemptions on eligible costs alone. This lowers the burden of a company’s annual taxes as well: 32% to 53% via investment tax allowance. Integration of these incentives reveals the bank-ability of RE projects to increase both the cash flow and confidence of investors.

The 2006 Budget set forth a National Biofuel Policy initiative to encourage production and utilisation of biofuel from palm oil as an environmentally friendly alternative energy resource. The programme starts with a biofuel mix of 5% of processed palm oil and 95% diesel. And three palm oil biodiesel commercial plants, with a total capacity of 180,000 tons for export, are to be built.

Renewable Energy Resources Opportunities

The market for renewable energy solutions is expected to boom in the near future. By implementing feasible projects now, local manufacturers would be wise to pay attention to this growing market and take advantage of business opportunities and lower energy costs.

Several key factors already exist that make using abundant renewable energy resources to produce energy a sound business decision:

• RE resources are relatively no or low cost fuels – Processing industries, such as palm oil mills and sawmills, have ready and abundant waste products that require disposal. On-site energy production helps avoid transportation costs and provides direct savings for the company.

• RE energy technologies are very competitive – Due to escalating oil prices, RE equipment is even more cost effective despite initial higher expenditures. And local manufacturers already assemble and install quality biomass and solar energy equipment.

• RE projects will save money in the long-term – A comparison of fuel costs reveals that RE reduces operational costs and lowers the overall cost for energy production. Over the lifetime of RE equipment, the savings on fuel expenditures pays back the cost on investments.

• RE turns biomass waste into profits – Government programmes offer local industries a chance to invest in RE and arrange power purchase agreements and low financing to limit risk and raise revenue.

Biomass projects are viable in Malaysia. Commercial interests can choose several options to achieve overall savings and expand opportunities that capitalize on RE resources: 

Option 1: Change from fossil fuels to cheaper biomass fuels.

• Most factories use oil-fired boilers. Changing to biomass fuels decreases the cost of steam generation and is cheaper by a factor of three. A typical system requiring 10 tons per hour has an initial investment of RM 2.3 million; whereas, savings from lower fuel costs are expected to be RM 300,000 per month. Thus, the recovery rate of investment is achieved within the first year.

Option 2: Connect existing co-generation plants at palm oil mills to the grid.

• Most mills already produce both steam and electricity, but not enough of the latter to generate enough power for their own consumption. Connecting to the electric grid allows mills to produce more power without waste because excess energy is sold. With co-generation plants already in place, it’s possible to reap RM 850,000 per annum after an investment of RM 1.5 million to connect to the grid (assuming close proximity). Hence, recouping costs in just two years.[SOURCE: RE A Public Sector Initiative Brochure, PTM, p. 9]

Option 3: Take advantage of new biomass technologies in the wood processing industry.

• Replacing diesel generators with biomass boilers and steam turbines not only reduces energy costs, but also utilises a steady supply of waste material. Comparative costs indicate that electricity produced by diesel is 2.5 times more than biomass.

Option 4: Harness the sun’s energy and install solar thermal heaters in commercial buildings.

• Hotels, schools and other institutions consume large amounts of hot water. Changing existing electrical heaters with solar replacements leads to substantial energy savings. The capital cost of installing solar heaters is RM 50,000 – five times more than an electric heater. However, running electric heaters costs RM 1200 per month, so investment in solar technology is recovered in less than four years.